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| List of books banned by governments ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
List of books banned by governments
Banned books are books or other printed works such as essays or plays which are prohibited by law or to which free access is not permitted by other means. The practice of banning books is a form of censorship, from political, legal, religious, moral, or (less often) commercial motives. This article lists notable banned books and works, giving a brief context for the reason that each book was prohibited. Banned books include fictional works such as novels, poems and plays and non-fiction works such as biographies and dictionaries.
Since there is a large number of banned books, some publishers have specialized in them. The best-known examples are the Parisian Obelisk Press, which published Henry Miller's sexually frank novel ''Tropic of Cancer'', and Olympia Press, which published William Burroughs's ''Naked Lunch''. Both of these, the work of father Jack Kahane and son Maurice Girodias, specialized in English-language books which were prohibited, at the time, in Great Britain and the United States. Ruedo Ibérico, also located in Paris, specialized in books prohibited in Spain during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. Russian literature prohibited during the Soviet period was published outside of Russia.
Books are still banned in the 2010s. Nowhere in the world can everything be published, although the prohibitions vary strikingly from one country to another: hate speech, for example, is prohibited in a number of countries, such as Sweden, though the same books may be legal in the United States, where the only prohibition is on child pornography. Some believe that the banning of specific books is appropriate, such as the anti-Semitic ''Protocols of the Elders of Zion'', in Russia, or Hitler's ''Mein Kampf'', in Austria.
Books have been and still are banned in the 2010s by some school and public libraries. This is usually the result of complaints from parents, who find particular books not appropriate for their children (e.g., books about sexual orientation like ''And Tango Makes Three''.) In many libraries, including the British Library and the Library of Congress, erotic books are housed in separate collections in restricted access reading room. In some libraries, a special application may be needed to read certain books.〔Peter Fryer, ''Private Case, Public Scandal'', London, Secker & Warburg, 1966.〕 Libraries sometimes avoid purchasing controversial books, and the personal opinions of librarians have at times impacted book selection.
==Alphabetical list==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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